Background The early life environment experienced by an individual in utero and during the
neonatal period is a major factor in shaping later life disease risk-including susceptibility to …

Estrogens play a fundamental role in the physiology of the reproductive, cardiovascular,
skeletal, and central nervous systems. In this report, we review the literature in both rodents …

Until menopause, women have a lower propensity to develop metabolic diseases than men,
suggestive of a protective role for sex hormones. Although a functional synergy between …

Hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal (HPG) axis function fundamentally affects the physiology of
eating. We review sex differences in the physiological and pathophysiological controls of …

The menopausal transition is an impactful period in women's lives, when the risk of
cardiovascular disease is accelerated. Similarly, diabetes mellitus profoundly impacts …

The mid-life period is a critical window for increases in body weight and changes in body
composition. In this review, we summarize the clinical experience of the menopausal …

Males have proportionally more visceral fat and are more likely to develop complications
associated with obesity than females, and the male brain is relatively more sensitive to the …

Several sex differences in eating, their control by gonadal steroid hormones and their
peripheral and central mediating mechanisms are reviewed. Adult female rats and mice as …

In recent years, obesity and its associated health disorders and costs have increased.
Accumulation of adipose tissue, or fat, in the intra-abdominal adipose depot is associated …

Marrow adipose tissue (MAT) is a unique fat depot, located in the skeleton, that has the
potential to contribute to both local and systemic metabolic processes. In this review we …