Cardiac hypertrophy can be defined as an increase in heart mass. Pathological cardiac
hypertrophy (heart growth that occurs in settings of disease, eg hypertension) is a key risk …

The mammalian heart is a dynamic organ that can grow and change to accommodate
alterations in its workload. During development and in response to physiological stimuli or …

This review explains how the heart responds to physiologic or pathologic conditions.
Exercise, pregnancy, and postnatal growth cause physiologic growth; neurohumoral …

▪ Abstract Cardiac hypertrophy is the heart's response to a variety of extrinsic and intrinsic
stimuli that impose increased biomechanical stress. While hypertrophy can eventually …

Calcium signaling activates the phosphatase calcineurin and induces movement of NFATc
proteins into the nucleus, where they cooperate with other proteins to form complexes on …

Recent studies call into question the necessity of hypertrophic growth of the heart as a
“compensatory” response to hemodynamic stress. These findings, coupled with recent …

Calcium (Ca2+) is a universal regulator of various cellular functions. In cardiomyocytes,
Ca2+ is the central element of excitation–contraction coupling, but also impacts diverse …

Calcineurin (PP2B) is a calcium/calmodulin-activated, serine-threonine phosphatase that
transmits signals to the nucleus through the dephosphorylation and translocation of nuclear …

Calcineurin is a calcium activated protein phosphatase with a major role in calcium
signaling in diverse cells and organs and clinical importance as the target of the …

The E3 ubiquitin ligase MuRF1/TRIM63 was identified 20 years ago and suspected to play
important roles during skeletal muscle atrophy. Since then, numerous studies have been …