Leishmania is an obligate intracellular pathogen that invades phagocytic host cells.
Approximately 30 different species of Phlebotomine sand flies can transmit this parasite …

Leishmaniasis is a tropical infectious disease caused by the protozoan Leishmania parasite.
The disease is transmitted by female sand flies and, depending on the infecting parasite …

Amphotericin B is increasingly used in treatment of leishmaniasis. Here, fourteen
independent lines of Leishmania mexicana and one L. infantum line were selected for …

The state of antileishmanial chemotherapy is strongly compromised by the emergence of
drug-resistant Leishmania. The evolution of drug-resistant phenotypes has been linked to …

Leishmaniasis is a neglected infectious disease with clinical presentations ranging from
asymptomatic or mild symptoms to chronic infection and eventual death. The mechanisms of …

Leishmaniasis represents a serious health problem worldwide and drug resistance is a
growing concern. Leishmania parasites use unusual mechanisms to control their gene …

Highlights•Visceral leishmaniasis is a complicated infectious disease.•Emerging resistance
is one of the main complications in treatment visceral leishmaniasis.•A comprehensive …

Background CD163, receptor for the haptoglobin–hemoglobin complex, is expressed on
monocytes/macrophages and neutrophils. A soluble form of CD163 (sCD163) has been …

Members of the Bcl-2 family are major regulators of apoptosis in mammalian cells, and
hence infection-induced perturbations in their expression could result into elimination of the …

In American Tegumentary Leishmaniasis production of cytokines, reactive oxygen species
and nitric oxide (NO) by host macrophages normally lead to parasite death. However, some …