Surface curvature both emerges from, and influences the behavior of, living objects at length
scales ranging from cell membranes to single cells to tissues and organs. The relevance of …

Our knowledge of the principles by which organ architecture develops through complex
collective cell behaviours is still limited. Recent work has shown that the shape of such …

In plants, the photosynthetic machinery photosystem II (PSII) consists of a core complex
associated with variable numbers of light-harvesting complexes II (LHCIIs). The …

The spacing of hair in mammals and feathers in birds is one of the most apparent
morphological features of the skin. This pattern arises when uniform fields of progenitor cells …

Hair is a primary characteristic of mammals, and exerts a wide range of functions including
thermoregulation, physical protection, sensory activity, and social interactions. The hair shaft …

The skin is the largest organ of the body and is composed of two layers: the overlying
epidermis and the underlying dermis. The dermal fibroblasts originate from distinct locations …

Hair follicle morphogenesis is initiated by a dermal signal that induces the development of
placodes in the overlying epithelium. To determine whether WNT signals are required for …

Clinical conditions causing hair loss, such as androgenetic alopecia, alopecia areata, and
scarring alopecia, can be psychologically devastating to individuals and are the target of a …

All ectodermal organs, eg hair, teeth, and many exocrine glands, originate from two adjacent
tissue layers: the epithelium and the mesenchyme. Similar sequential and reciprocal …

Many tissues fold into complex shapes during development. Controlling this process in vitro
would represent an important advance for tissue engineering. We use embryonic tissue …