Purinergic signalling, ie, the role of nucleotides as extracellular signalling molecules, was
proposed in 1972. However, this concept was not well accepted until the early 1990's when …

Pharmacological tool compounds are now available to define action at the adenosine (ARs),
P2Y and P2X receptors. We present a selection of the most commonly used agents to study …

Chronic pain is a maladaptive neurological disease that remains a major health problem. A
deepening of our knowledge on mechanisms that cause pain is a prerequisite to developing …

Ischemia is a multifactorial pathology characterized by different events evolving in the time.
After ischemia a primary damage due to the early massive increase of extracellular …

There is a brief introductory summary of purinergic signaling involving ATP storage, release,
and ectoenzymatic breakdown, and the current classification of receptor subtypes for …

The word “glia” is derived from the Greek word “γλoια,” glue of the enteric nervous system,
and for many years, enteric glial cells (EGCs) were believed to provide mainly structural …

Neuroinflammation limits tissue damage in response to pathogens or injury and promotes
repair. There are two stages of inflammation, initiation and resolution. P2X receptors are …

Ectonucleotidases are extracellular enzymes with a pivotal role in inflammation that
hydrolyse extracellular purine and pyrimidine nucleotides, eg, ATP, UTP, ADP, UDP, AMP …

This review is focused on the pathophysiology and therapeutic potential of purinergic
signalling. A wide range of diseases are considered, including those of the central nervous …

Enterochromaffin (EC) cells synthesize 95% of the body 5-HT and release 5-HT in response
to mechanical or chemical stimulation. EC cell 5-HT has physiological effects on gut motility …