Obesity is gaining acceptance as a serious primary health burden that impairs the quality of
life because of its associated complications, including diabetes, cardiovascular diseases …

Endothelium is the largest organ in the body strategically located between the wall of blood
vessels and the blood stream. The human body contains approximately 1013 endothelial …

Insulin resistance (IR) is an early metabolic alteration in chronic kidney disease (CKD)
patients, being apparent when the glomerular filtration rate is still within the normal range …

During the past 2 decades, results of both basic science and clinical studies have changed
the physicians' views about adipocyte pathophysiology. Since leptin was discovered in …

Adipose tissue is acknowledged as an endocrine organ that releases bioactive factors
termed adipokines. Visfatin was initially identified as a novel adipokine with insulin‐mimetic …

Until the identification of leptin, the first adipokine discovered in 1994, adipose tissue was
considered only as an energy storage tissue. However, it is now clear that adipose tissue is …

Visfatin has been reported as a risk factor and a potential diagnostic marker in cancer. It is
an adipokine, secreted by visceral fat and associated with the pathogenesis of arterial …

Background Obesity poses significant challenges to healthcare globally, particularly through
its bi‐directional relationship with co‐morbid metabolic conditions such as type 2 diabetes …

Metabolic syndrome and its components are associated with chronic kidney disease (CKD)
development. Insulin resistance (IR) plays a central role in the metabolic syndrome and is …

Studies in animals show that fibroblast growth factor (FGF)-23 interferes with vascular
reactivity induced by the nitric oxide (NO) system. To investigate the relationship between …