Fungicides account for more than 35% of the global pesticide market and their use is
predicted to increase in the future. While fungicides are commonly applied during bloom …

Bees are essential pollinators of many crops and wild plants, and pesticide exposure is one
of the key environmental stressors affecting their health in anthropogenically modified …

Widespread contamination of ecosystems with pesticides threatens non-target organisms.
However, the extent to which life-history traits affect pesticide exposure and resulting risk in …

Sustainable agriculture requires balancing crop yields with the effects of pesticides on non-
target organisms, such as bees and other crop pollinators. Field studies demonstrated that …

Cultivation of mass flowering entomophilous crops benefits from the presence of managed
and wild pollinators, who visit flowers to forage on pollen and nectar. However, management …

When managed bee colonies are brought to farms for crop pollination, they can be exposed
to pesticide residues. Quantifying the risk posed by these exposures can indicate which …

In an agricultural environment, where crops are treated with pesticides, bees are likely to be
exposed to a range of chemical compounds in a variety of ways. The extent to which …

Globally documented wild bee declines threaten sustainable food production and natural
ecosystem functioning. Urban environments are often florally abundant, and consequently …

In order to support food, fiber, and fuel production around the world, billions of kilograms of
pesticides are applied to crop fields every year to suppress pests, plant diseases and …

Monitoring pesticide exposures in honey bees provides fundamental risk information that
informs efforts to improve regulatory policy, pesticide use, and beekeeping management so …