Background Although from a societal point of view a modal shift from car to bicycle may have
beneficial health effects due to decreased air pollution emissions, decreased greenhouse …

Personal exposure studies are crucial alongside microenvironment and ambient studies in
order to get a better understanding of the health risks posed by fine particulate matter and …

Emerging evidence suggests that short episodes of high exposure to air pollution occur
while commuting. These events can result in potentially adverse health effects. We present a …

Daily commutes may contribute disproportionately to overall daily inhalations of urban air
contaminants. Understanding factors that explain variability of exposures during travel, and …

In order to investigate a specific area of short-term, non-occupational, human exposure to
fine particulate air pollution, measurements of personal exposure to PM2. 5 in transport …

Commuting is considered as one of the high-exposure periods among various daily
activities, especially in high vehicle-density metropolitan areas. There is a growing …

Objectives Monitoring studies have shown that commuters are exposed to high air pollution
concentrations, but there is limited evidence of associated health effects. We carried out a …

This study examined commuter exposure to respirable suspended particulate (PM10 and
PM2. 5) and carbon monoxide (CO) in public transportation modes in Guangzhou, China …

Recent studies have suggested that exposures during traffic participation may be associated
with adverse health effects. Traffic participation involves relatively short but high exposures …

Monitoring was carried out of particulate concentrations whilst simultaneously walking and
driving 48 routes in London, UK. Monitoring was undertaken during May and June 2005 …