Osteoporosis is a global public health problem, with fractures contributing to significant
morbidity and mortality. Although postmenopausal osteoporosis is most common, up to 30 …

Osteoporosis in men is a common but often overlooked disorder by clinicians. The criterion
for osteoporosis diagnosis in men is similar to that in women—namely, a bone mineral …

Abstract Objective To update the “Testosterone Therapy in Men With Androgen Deficiency
Syndromes” guideline published in 2010. Participants The participants include an Endocrine …

Estrogens and androgens influence the growth and maintenance of the mammalian
skeleton and are responsible for its sexual dimorphism. Estrogen deficiency at menopause …

The initiation and maintenance of reproductive capacity in humans is dependent on pulsatile
secretion of the hypothalamic hormone GnRH. Congenital hypogonadotropic hypogonadism …

Estrogens have historically been associated with female reproduction, but work over the last
two decades established that estrogens and their main nuclear receptors (ESR1 and ESR2) …

Importance As men age, they experience decreased serum testosterone concentrations,
decreased bone mineral density (BMD), and increased risk of fracture. Objective To …

Osteoporosis is a significant public health problem, and a major cause of the disease is
estrogen deficiency following menopause in women. In addition, considerable evidence …

Purpose Bone is one of the main targets of hormones and endocrine diseases are frequent
causes of secondary osteoporosis and fractures in real-world clinical practice. However …

Evidence has been accumulating that, in men, some of the biological actions traditionally
attributed to testosterone acting via the androgen receptor may in fact be dependent on its …