The present study develops a review of heating and cooling (H&C) technologies used to
produce space H&C services in eleven European member states. On the one hand, it …

Small Islands usually rely on fossil fuels for their energy supply and face common
challenges such as high energy costs and carbon dioxide emissions. For these reasons they …

The use of energy in the built environment contributes to over one-third of the world's carbon
emissions. To reduce that effect, two primary solutions can be adopted, ie (i) renovation of …

As a low GWP alternative refrigerant to R134a, the direct use of R1234ze (E) in water source
heat pumps leads to significant performance degradation. Vapor injection combined with …

Recovery of heat from electrolysers is potentially interesting to increase the total system
efficiency, reduce CO 2 emissions, and increase the economic feasibility of both hydrogen …

Political decarbonisation commitments and outcompeting renewable electricity costs are
disrupting energy systems. This foresight study prepares stakeholders for this dynamic …

The European Union has established ambitious targets for lowering carbon dioxide
emissions in the residential sector, aiming for all new buildings to be “zero-emission” by …

Efforts to further lower China's heating consumption are highly desirable to achieve the
goals of peak carbon by 2030 and carbon neutrality by 2060. A two-tier zoning method for …

Decarbonisation of building energy supply is key to achieving current targets of greenhouse
gas emission reduction. However, the least-cost, net-zero supply of electrical and thermal …

The building sector accounts for nearly 1/3 of global energy end-use and associated carbon
emissions. Fulfilling buildings' thermal demand in an efficient way is critical for …