Environmental factors affecting thyroid-stimulating hormone and thyroid hormone levels

M Babić Leko, I Gunjača, N Pleić… - International journal of …, 2021 - mdpi.com
Thyroid hormones are necessary for the normal functioning of physiological systems.
Therefore, knowledge of any factor (whether genetic, environmental or intrinsic) that alters …

Thyroid-gut-axis: how does the microbiota influence thyroid function?

J Knezevic, C Starchl, A Tmava Berisha, K Amrein - Nutrients, 2020 - mdpi.com
A healthy gut microbiota not only has beneficial effects on the activity of the immune system,
but also on thyroid function. Thyroid and intestinal diseases prevalently coexist …

Multiple nutritional factors and the risk of Hashimoto's thyroiditis

S Hu, MP Rayman - Thyroid, 2017 - liebertpub.com
Background: Hashimoto's thyroiditis (HT) is considered to be the most common autoimmune
disease. It is currently accepted that genetic susceptibility, environmental factors, and …

Is vitamin D a player or not in the pathophysiology of autoimmune thyroid diseases?

F D'Aurizio, D Villalta, P Metus, P Doretto, R Tozzoli - Autoimmunity reviews, 2015 - Elsevier
Dihydroxyvitamin D is a steroid hormone derived from vitamin D, playing an important role in
maintaining an adequate serum level of calcium and phosphorus. It is now clear that vitamin …

The role of vitamin D in autoimmune thyroid diseases: a narrative review

A Czarnywojtek, E Florek, K Pietrończyk… - Journal of Clinical …, 2023 - mdpi.com
Vitamin D (VitD) deficiency has garnered significant attention in contemporary medical
research. Although the canonical biological activity of VitD manifests itself mainly in the …

Mediterranean diet and thyroid: an interesting alliance

G Bellastella, L Scappaticcio, F Caiazzo, M Tomasuolo… - Nutrients, 2022 - mdpi.com
The Mediterranean diet, recognized as being cultural heritage by UNESCO, is mostly plant-
based and includes a high consumption of whole-grain, fruit, and vegetables with a …

Vitamin D and autoimmune thyroid disease—cause, consequence, or a vicious cycle?

IH Vieira, D Rodrigues, I Paiva - Nutrients, 2020 - mdpi.com
Vitamin D is a steroid hormone traditionally connected to phosphocalcium metabolism. The
discovery of pleiotropic expression of its receptor and of the enzymes involved in its …

Vitamin D and thyroid disease: to D or not to D?

G Muscogiuri, G Tirabassi, G Bizzaro, F Orio… - European journal of …, 2015 - nature.com
The main role of vitamin D is to maintain calcium and phosphorus homeostasis, thus
preserving bone health. Recent evidence has demonstrated that vitamin D may also have a …

Lower serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D level is associated with 3 types of autoimmune thyroid diseases

J Ma, D Wu, C Li, C Fan, N Chao, J Liu, Y Li, R Wang… - Medicine, 2015 - journals.lww.com
Lower Serum 25-Hydroxyvitamin D Level is Associated With 3 T... : Medicine Lower Serum
25-Hydroxyvitamin D Level is Associated With 3 Types of Autoimmune Thyroid Diseases …

Vitamin D and thyroid disorders: a systematic review and Meta-analysis of observational studies

S Taheriniya, A Arab, A Hadi, A Fadel… - BMC Endocrine Disorders, 2021 - Springer
Background The contribution of vitamin D to thyroid disorders has received paramount
attention; however, results are mixed. Hence, we designed a systematic review and meta …