Aside 2 from Earth, the inner solar system is like a vast desert where water and other
volatiles are scarce. An old saying is,“In the desert, gold is useless and water is priceless.” …

Jupiter's icy moon, Europa, harbors a subsurface liquid water ocean; the prospect of this
ocean being habitable motivates further exploration of the moon with the upcoming NASA …

Water ice may be allowed to accumulate in permanently shaded regions on airless bodies in
the inner solar system such as Mercury, the Moon, and Ceres [Watson K, et al.(1961) J …

We utilize surface temperature measurements and ultraviolet albedo spectra from the Lunar
Reconnaissance Orbiter to test the hypothesis that exposed water frost exists within the …

A new thermal correction model and experimentally validated relationships between
absorption strength and water content have been used to construct the first global …

We find that the reflectance of the lunar surface within 5° of latitude of the South Pole
increases rapidly with decreasing temperature, near∼ 110 K, behavior consistent with the …

The distribution range, time-varying characteristics, and sources of lunar water are still
controversial. Here we show the Chang'E-5 in-situ spectral observations of lunar water …

The lunar polar regions contain permanently shadowed regions (PSRs) or local topographic
depressions that never receive direct sunlight. These environments (< 110 K) have the …

The Mini‐RF radar instrument on the Lunar Reconnaissance Orbiter spacecraft mapped
both lunar poles in two different RF wavelengths (complete mapping at 12.6 cm S‐band and …

Abstract The Diviner Lunar Radiometer Experiment on the Lunar Reconnaissance Orbiter
has been acquiring visible and infrared radiance measurements of the Moon for nearly 10 …