Lignin, a major component of lignocellulose, is the largest source of aromatic building blocks
on the planet and harbors great potential to serve as starting material for the production of …

In the movement to decarbonize our economy and move away from fossil fuels we will need
to harness the waste products of our activities, such as waste lignocellulose, methane, and …

Microbial consortia have been used in biotechnology processes, including fermentation,
waste treatment, and agriculture, for millennia. Today, synthetic biologists are increasingly …

Atomic force microscopy-based infrared spectroscopy (AFM-IR) is a rapidly emerging
technique that provides chemical analysis and compositional mapping with spatial …

The continued production of waste is creating management problems. The use of traditional
waste management methods, such as incineration and landfill, releases gases that may …

Economic growth and industrial energy demand necessitate sustainable energy resources.
The food vs. fuel issue means that first generation biofuels appear unsustainable. Therefore …

Advanced biofuels produced by microorganisms have similar properties to petroleum-based
fuels, and can'drop in'to the existing transportation infrastructure. However, producing these …

Cellulose, in addition to hemicellulose and lignin, makes the major fraction of lignocellulosic
biomass–the only sustainable feedstock to meet the long-term sustainable energy need of …

The cost of ionic liquids (ILs) is one of the main impediments to IL utilization in the cellulosic
biorefinery, especially in the pretreatment step. In this study, a number of ionic liquids were …

Currently major part of the world's energy requirements is fulfilled by fossil resources.
Severe economic and environmental problems along with their limited resources are still a …