The blood-brain barrier (BBB) plays a vital role in regulating the trafficking of fluid, solutes
and cells at the blood-brain interface and maintaining the homeostatic microenvironment of …

Stroke is the second most common cause of death worldwide and a major cause of acquired
disability in adults. Despite tremendous progress in understanding the pathophysiology of …

Introduction Stroke is a disease that presents with well-known sex differences. While women
account for more stroke deaths, recent data show that after adjusting for age and pre-stroke …

Tissue-type plasminogen activator (tPA) a serine protease is constituted of five functional
domains through which it interacts with different substrates, binding proteins, and receptors …

Plasmin, the principal downstream product of tissue-type plasminogen activator (tPA), is
known for its potent fibrin-degrading capacity but is also recognized for many non-fibrinolytic …

Sex differences are well-recognized in ischemic stroke, a disease mainly affecting the
elderly. Stroke results in robust activation of central and peripheral immune responses which …

About 15 million strokes occur each year worldwide. As the number one cause of morbidity
and acquired disability, stroke is a major drain on public health-care funding, due to long …

Aims Epidemiologic evidence links ischemic stroke to age, yet the mechanisms that underlie
the specific and independent effects of age on stroke remain elusive, impeding the …

Multiple sclerosis (MS) is an autoimmune inflammatory demyelinating disease of the central
nervous system. Several evidences suggest that MS can be considered a multi-factorial …

Aging is a physiological process characterized by a significant reduction of neuronal
plasticity that might contribute to the functional defects observed in old subjects. Even if the …