Blood analyses provide substantial information about the physiological aspects of animal
welfare assessment, including the activation status of the neuroendocrine and immune …

In order to maintain fish health and to improve performance immunostimulants have been
used as dietary additives to improve weight gain, feed efficiency, and/or disease resistance …

Red blood cells (RBCs) are essential for aerobic respiration through delivery of oxygen to
distant tissues. However, RBCs are currently considered immunologically inert, and few, if …

The field of red cell biology is undergoing a quiet revolution. Long assumed to be inert
oxygen carriers, RBCs are emerging as important modulators of the innate immune …

High-throughput sequencing technologies, also known as next-generation sequencing
(NGS) technologies, have revolutionized the way that genomic research is advancing. In …

The ability to fully control sexual maturation and spawning and to produce large numbers of
high quality seeds 'on demand'(ie all year long) is a primary requirement for the successful …

Chicken erythrocytes are nucleated cells often considered to be transcriptionally inactive,
although the epigenetic changes and chromatin remodeling that would mediate …

In recent years, with the advent of next-generation sequencing along with the development
of various bioinformatics tools, RNA sequencing (RNA-Seq)-based transcriptome analysis …

Toll like receptors (TLRs) are present in many different fish families from several different
orders, including cyprinid, salmonid, perciform, pleuronectiform and gadiform …

It is now well documented that peptides with enhanced or alternative functionality (termed
cryptides) can be liberated from larger, and sometimes inactive, proteins. A primary example …