Polyethylene glycol (PEG) is a versatile polymer that is widely used as an additive in foods
and cosmetics, and as a carrier in PEGylated therapeutics. Even though PEG is thought to …

The enormous development of nanomaterials technology and the immediate response of
many areas of science, research, and practice to their possible application has led to the …

RNA therapeutics show a significant breakthrough for the treatment of otherwise incurable
diseases and genetic disorders by regulating disease-related gene expression. The …

Significant research and preclinical investment in cancer nanomedicine has produced
several products, which have improved cancer care. Nevertheless, there exists a perception …

Phagocytes are key cellular participants determining important aspects of host exposure to
nanomaterials, initiating clearance, biodistribution and the tenuous balance between host …

ABSTRACT A commonly held view is that nanocarriers conjugated to polyethylene glycol
(PEG) are non-immunogenic. However, many studies have reported that unexpected …

When nanoparticles are intravenously injected into the body, complement proteins deposit
on the surface of nanoparticles in a process called opsonization. These proteins prime the …

During the last two decades, an increasing number of reports have pointed out that the
immunogenicity of polyethylene glycol (PEG) may trigger accelerated blood clearance …

The innate immune system provides the first line of defence against foreign microbes and
particulate materials. Engineered nanoparticles can interact with the immune system in …

Intravenous injection of a variety of nanotechnology enhanced (liposomal, micellar, polymer-
conjugated) and protein-based (antibodies, enzymes) drugs can lead to hypersensitivity …