Transfer RNA (tRNA) is an adapter molecule that links a specific codon in mRNA with its
corresponding amino acid during protein synthesis. tRNAs are enzymatically modified post …

Mitochondrial diseases affect one in 2,000 individuals; they can present at any age and they
can manifest in any organ. How defects in mitochondria can cause such a diverse range of …

Mitochondria generate most cellular energy via oxidative phosphorylation. Twenty-two
species of mitochondrial (mt-) tRNAs encoded in mtDNA translate essential subunits of the …

Advances in sequencing and high-throughput techniques have provided an unprecedented
opportunity to interrogate human diseases on a genome-wide scale. The list of disease …

The primary causes of chronic kidney disease (CKD) in children differ from those of CKD in
adults. In the USA the most common diagnostic groups of renal disease that manifest before …

Folates enable the activation and transfer of one-carbon units for the biosynthesis of purines,
thymidine and methionine,,. Antifolates are important immunosuppressive and anticancer …

Mitochondria are one of the most important organelles in cells. Mitochondria are semi-
autonomous organelles with their own genetic system, and can independently replicate …

Transfer RNAs (tRNAs) are key for efficient and accurate protein translation. To be fully
active, tRNAs need to be heavily modified post-transcriptionally. Growing evidence indicates …

Mitochondrial disorders are a group of clinically heterogeneous diseases, commonly
defined by a lack of cellular energy due to oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS) defects …

Mitochondria are eukaryotic organelles that generate most of the energy in the cell by
oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS). Each mitochondrion contains multiple copies of a …