Dopamine is a prototypical neuromodulator that controls circuit function through G protein-
coupled receptor signalling. Neuromodulators are volume transmitters, with release followed …

The neuromodulator dopamine (DA) is essential for regulating learning, motivation, and
movement. Despite its importance, however, the mechanisms by which DA influences the …

Ventral tegmental area (VTA) dopamine (DA) neurons play a central role in mediating
motivated behaviors, but the circuitry through which they signal positive and negative …

Transmission from striatal cholinergic interneurons (CINs) controls dopamine release
through nicotinic acetylcholine receptors (nAChRs) on dopaminergic axons. Anatomical …

Our understanding of the role of innate and adaptive immune cell function in brain health
and how it goes awry during aging and neurodegenerative diseases is still in its infancy …

Degeneration of substantia nigra (SN) dopaminergic (DAergic) neurons is responsible for
the core motor deficits of Parkinson's disease (PD). These neurons are autonomous …

Neurological disorders are major contributors to death and disability worldwide. The
pathology of injuries and disease processes includes a cascade of events that often involve …

The motor symptoms of Parkinson's disease (PD) mainly arise from degeneration of
dopamine neurons within the substantia nigra. As no disease-modifying PD therapies are …

The aim of this review is to explore how metabolic changes induced by diets high in
saturated fat (HFD) affect nucleus accumbens (NAc) dopamine neurotransmission and food …

Dopamine (DA) neurons in the VTA play essential roles in adaptive motivated behavior,
which requires rapid discrimination between positive and negative motivational signature …