Variability in the environment defines the structure and dynamics of all living systems, from
organisms to ecosystems. Species have evolved traits and strategies that allow them to …

Assisted gene flow (AGF) between populations has the potential to mitigate maladaptation
due to climate change. However, AGF may cause outbreeding depression (especially if …

Sixty percent of the population of Pakistan is directly or indirectly reliant upon rain-fed
agriculture that depends on predictable weather patterns. Global climatic change affects our …

Global climate change is considered an irreversible problem, which might directly or
indirectly affect all the organisms and ecosystems on the earth and the world has to struggle …

Species are the unit of analysis in many global change and conservation biology studies;
however, species are not uniform entities but are composed of different, sometimes locally …

Climate change is expected to have various impacts on forest ecosystems through drought,
heat stress, insect invasions and forest fires. Therefore, lack of taking the necessary …

The role of modern climatic microrefugia is a neglected aspect in the study of biotic
responses to anthropogenic climate change. Current projections of species redistribution at …

Plastic responses figure prominently in discussions on insect adaptation to climate change.
Here we review the different types of plastic responses and whether they contribute much to …

Macroclimatic variation along latitudinal gradients provides an excellent natural laboratory to
investigate the role of temperature and the potential impacts of climate warming on terrestrial …

Populations left behind during climate-driven range shifts can persist in enclaves of benign
environmental conditions within an inhospitable regional climate. Such climate relicts exist …