Runt-related transcription factor 2 (Runx2) is a fundamental transcription factor for bone
development. In endochondral ossification, Runx2 induces chondrocyte maturation …

Skeletal elements have a diverse range of shapes and sizes specialized to their various
roles including protecting internal organs, locomotion, feeding, hearing, and vocalization …

There is a worldwide epidemic of skeletal diseases causing not only a public health issue
but also accounting for a sizable portion of healthcare expenditures. The vertebrate skeleton …

Zebrafish are teleosts (bony fish) that share with mammals a common ancestor belonging to
the phylum Osteichthyes, from which their endoskeletal systems have been inherited …

Chondrocytes proliferate and mature into hypertrophic chondrocytes. Vascular invasion into
the cartilage occurs in the terminal hypertrophic chondrocyte layer, and terminal …

Osteoblasts are the only cells that can give rise to bones in vertebrates. Thus, one of the
most important functions of these metabolically active cells is mineralized matrix production …

The formation of the mandibular condylar cartilage (MCC) and its subchondral bone is an
important but understudied topic in dental research. The current concept regarding …

Women experience a higher incidence of oral diseases including periodontal diseases and
temporomandibular joint disease (TMD) implicating the role of estrogen signaling in disease …

Normal skeletal development requires tight coordination of transcriptional networks,
signaling pathways, and biomechanical cues, and many of these pathways are dysregulated …

Skeletal stem cells (SSCs) generate the progenitors needed for growth, maintenance and
repair of the skeleton. Historically, SSCs have been defined as bone marrow-derived cells …