Fertilization calcium waves are introduced, and the evidence from which we can infer
general mechanisms of these waves is presented. The two main classes of hypotheses put …

During development, vertebrate embryos undergo dramatic changes in shape. The
lengthening and narrowing of a field of cells, termed convergent extension, contributes to a …

At specific stages of development, nerve and muscle cells generate spontaneous electrical
activity that is required for normal maturation of intrinsic excitability and synaptic connectivity …

Abstract Calcium (Ca 2+) signaling has essential roles in the development of the nervous
system from neural induction to the proliferation, migration, and differentiation of neural cells …

The Zic family of zinc-finger proteins plays a crucial role in neural development. Zic genes
are vertebrate homologs of odd-paired, the Drosophila pair-rule gene. Their gene products …

Consider a hypothetical design specification for an integrated communication-control system
within an embryo. It would require short-range (subcellular) and long-range (pan-embryonic) …

Calcium signals regulate many critical processes during vertebrate brain development
including neurogenesis, neurotransmitter specification, and axonal outgrowth. However, the …

During amphibian development, non-canonical Wnt signals regulate the polarity of
intercalating dorsal mesoderm cells during convergent extension. Cells of the overlying …

Understanding the factors that allow biological systems to reliably self‐assemble consistent,
highly complex, four dimensional patterns on many scales is crucial for the biomedicine of …

The increasing interest in stem cell research is linked to the promise of developing
treatments for many lifethreatening, debilitating diseases, and for cell replacement therapies …