Light is essential for photosynthesis. Nevertheless, its intensity widely changes depending
on time of day, weather, season, and localization of individual leaves within canopies. This …

Chlorophyll fluorescence analysis is one of the most powerful and widely used techniques to
study the effect of stresses on the photosynthetic process. From the first utilization, the F v/F …

Fe-based nanoparticles (Fe-based NPs) have great potential as a substitute for traditional
Fe-fertilizer; however, their environmental risk and impact on plant growth are not fully …

Using chlorophyll (Chl) a fluorescence many aspects of the photosynthetic apparatus can be
studied, both in vitro and, noninvasively, in vivo. Complementary techniques can help to …

Oxygen is a natural acceptor of electrons in the respiratory pathway of aerobic organisms
and in many other biochemical reactions. Aerobic metabolism is always associated with the …

Rapid protein degradation and replacement is an important response to photodamage and
a means of photoprotection by recovering proteostasis. Protein turnover and translation …

Photosynthetic electron transport is coupled to proton translocation across the thylakoid
membrane, resulting in the formation of a trans-thylakoid proton gradient (ΔpH) and …

Reactive oxygen species (ROS)-dependent signaling pathways from chloroplasts and
mitochondria merge at the nuclear protein RADICAL-INDUCED CELL DEATH1 (RCD1) …

Photosynthetic organisms support cell metabolism by harvesting sunlight to fuel the
photosynthetic electron transport. The flow of excitation energy and electrons in the …

Green organisms evolve oxygen (O2) via photosynthesis and consume it by respiration.
Generally, net O2 consumption only becomes dominant when photosynthesis is suppressed …