Importance The magnitude and variability of cytokine alterations in depression are not clear.
Objective To perform an up to date meta-analysis of mean differences of immune markers in …

BackgroundPeripheral low-grade inflammation in depression is increasingly seen as a
therapeutic target. We aimed to establish the prevalence of low-grade inflammation in …

Major Depressive Disorder (MDD) is a leading cause of disability worldwide, creating a high
medical and socioeconomic burden. There is a growing interest in the biological …

Inflammatory cytokines are commonly elevated in acute depression and are associated with
resistance to monoaminergic treatment. To examine the potential role of cytokines in the …

Mounting evidence suggests that aberrations in immune-inflammatory pathways contribute
to the pathophysiology of major depressive disorder (MDD), and individuals with MDD may …

Cumulative meta-analyses are used to evaluate the extent to which further studies are
needed to confirm or refute a hypothesis. We used this approach to assess observational …

Depression and inflammation fuel one another. Inflammation plays a key role in
depression's pathogenesis for a subset of depressed individuals; depression also primes …

BackgroundC-reactive protein (CRP) is a candidate biomarker for major depressive disorder
(MDD), but it is unclear how peripheral CRP levels relate to the heterogeneous clinical …

Accumulating evidence indicates that patients with severe mental disorders, including major
depression, bipolar disorder and schizophrenia present with various alterations of the gut …

Complex interactions between the immune system and the brain might have important
aetiological and therapeutic implications for neuropsychiatric brain disorders. A possible …