The mammalian NLR gene family was first reported over 20 years ago, although several
genes that were later grouped into the family were already known at that time. Although it is …

Ubiquitination, an important type of protein posttranslational modification (PTM), plays a
crucial role in controlling substrate degradation and subsequently mediates the “quantity” …

The severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) is the causative
pathogen of current COVID-19 pandemic, and insufficient production of type I interferon (IFN …

Abstract Toll-like receptor 3 (TLR3) is a member of the TLR family, mediating the
transcriptional induction of type I interferons (IFNs), proinflammatory cytokines, and …

A coordinated balance between the positive and negative regulation of pattern-recognition
receptor (PRR)-initiated innate inflammatory responses is required to ensure the most …

In the initiation of innate immune responses against pathogens, pattern-recognition
receptors (PRRs) have an essential role in recognizing specific components of …

Ubiquitination has emerged as a crucial mechanism that regulates signal transduction in
diverse biological processes, including different aspects of immune functions. Ubiquitination …

Uric acid is a damage-associated molecular pattern (DAMP), released from ischemic tissues
and dying cells which, when crystalized, is able to activate the NLRP3 inflammasome …

The TANK-binding kinase 1 (TBK1) is a serine/threonine kinase belonging to the non-
canonical inhibitor of nuclear factor-κB (IκB) kinase (IKK) family. TBK1 can be activated by …

Cytosolic nucleic acid sensors have a critical role in detecting endogenous nucleic acids to
initiate innate immune responses during microbial infections and/or cell death. Several …