During vertebrate craniofacial development, neural crest cells (NCCs) contribute much of the
cartilage, bone and connective tissue that make up the developing head. Although the initial …

Unraveling the complex tissue interactions necessary to generate the structural and
functional diversity present among craniofacial muscles is challenging. These muscles …

INTRODUCTION Craniofacial morphogenesis involves the cranial neural crest (NC) cells, a
vertebrate-specific multipotent cell population that provides most of the head skeletogenic …

Vertebrate dentitions originated in the posterior pharynx of jawless fishes more than half a
billion years ago. As gnathostomes (jawed vertebrates) evolved, teeth developed on oral …

Enhancer-promoter interactions preferentially occur within boundary-insulated topologically
associating domains (TADs), limiting inter-TAD interactions. Enhancer clusters in linear …

The vertebrate head is an extremely complicated structure: development of the head
requires tissue–tissue interactions between derivates of all the germ layers and coordinated …

Retinoic acid (RA), the active derivative of vitamin A (retinol), is an essential morphogen
signaling molecule and major regulator of embryonic development. The dysregulation of RA …

Patterning of craniofacial muscles overtly begins with the activation of lineage‐specific
markers at precise, evolutionarily conserved locations within prechordal, lateral, and both …

Mandibulofacial dysostosis (MFD) is a human developmental disorder characterized by
defects of the facial bones. It is the second most frequent craniofacial malformation after cleft …

The evolutionary origin of the vertebrate jaw persists as a deeply puzzling mystery. More
than 99% of living vertebrates have jaws, but the evolutionary sequence that ultimately gave …