Leptospirosis is a ubiquitous zoonotic infection caused by bacterial spirochetes that are
equally adapted to life in the aqueous environment as they are to infection of their eucaryotic …

Bacteria have to thrive in difficult conditions wherein their competitors generate partially
reduced forms of oxygen, like hydrogen peroxide and superoxides. These oxidative stress …

Introduction Oxidative stress refers to an imbalance between oxidant and antioxidant activity
and accumulation of reactive oxygen species, which can have detrimental effects on animal …

The Omp85 family of outer membrane proteins are ubiquitously distributed among diderm
bacteria and play essential roles in outer membrane (OM) biogenesis. The majority of …

Heme and iron metabolic pathways are highly intertwined, both compounds being essential
for key biological processes, yet becoming toxic if overabundant. Their concentrations are …

Reactive oxygen species (ROS) are byproducts of oxygen metabolism produced by virtually
all organisms living in an oxic environment. ROS are also produced by phagocytic cells in …

Leptospirosis is a global public health problem caused by Gram-negative pathogenic
bacteria belonging to the genus Leptospira. The disease is transmitted through the urine of …

Leptospirosis is a recurring zoonotic disease of global significance. Leptospirosis is curable,
and antibiotics are available for its treatment. However, little is known about the …

Leptospirosis is an emerging zoonotic disease caused by bacterial species of the genus
Leptospira. However, the regulatory mechanisms and pathways underlying the adaptation of …

Immunoglobulin-like (Ig-like) fold domains are abundant on the surface of bacteria, where
they are required for cell-to-cell recognition, adhesion, biofilm formation, and conjugative …