Bi-Level Optimization (BLO) is originated from the area of economic game theory and then
introduced into the optimization community. BLO is able to handle problems with a …

Bilevel optimization problems are hierarchical optimization problems where the feasible
region of the so-called upper level problem is restricted by the graph of the solution set …

With the increasing integration of distributed energy resources, localized peer-to-peer
energy transactions are receiving more attention since they could absorb more distributed …

With the rapid development of novel technological paradigms such as e-democracy, e-
government, and collective intelligence, large-scale group decision making (LSGDM) has …

Simple Summary The capital shortage for marine ranch construction will reduce their
economic, ecological, and social benefits. By constructing the supply chain decision model …

Considering the opening up of carbon emission trading market, this article investigates the
government's role in allocating the appropriate emission quota to maximize social …

There is increasing academic and pragmatic interest in leveraging patent rights to invigorate
remanufacturing for waste products under governmental interventions via regulations and …

Applications deployed on edge servers improve users' experience, when compared to
deployments on cloud servers. Existing works usually assume that a central scheduler helps …

Currently, many online platforms participate in the recycling of waste products, and the
online recycling of used mobile phones is especially popular. We explore the service …

In this paper, we provide new proofs of existence and uniqueness of a Stackelberg market
equilibrium for a multiple leader–follower noncooperative oligopoly model in which …