In multicellular organisms, cell death is a critical and active process that maintains tissue
homeostasis and eliminates potentially harmful cells. There are three major types of …

Cancer is driven by genetic and epigenetic alterations that allow cells to overproliferate and
escape mechanisms that normally control their survival and migration. Many of these …

Altered synaptic structure and function is a major hallmark of fragile X syndrome (FXS),
autism spectrum disorders (ASDs), and other intellectual disabilities (IDs), which are …

Stress-signaling pathways are evolutionarily conserved and play an important role in the
maintenance of homeostasis. These pathways are also critical for adaptation to new cellular …

Alzheimer's disease (AD) is the most common form of dementia in the elderly followed by
vascular dementia. In addition to clinically diagnosed dementia, cognitive dysfunction has …

Healthy cells use autophagy as a general'housekeeping'mechanism and to survive stress,
including stress induced by nutrient deprivation. Autophagy is initiated at the isolation …

Endocannabinoids (eCBs) are amongst the most ubiquitous signaling molecules in the
nervous system. Over the past few decades, observations based on a large volume of work …

The minimal structural unit of a solid tumor is a single cell or a cellular compartment such as
the nucleus. A closer look inside the cells reveals that there are functional compartments or …

Abstract p53 functions as a transcription factor involved in cell-cycle control, DNA repair,
apoptosis and cellular stress responses. However, besides inducing cell growth arrest and …

Stimuli that promote cell migration, such as chemokines, cytokines, and growth factors in
metazoans and cyclic AMP in Dictyostelium, activate signaling pathways that control …