The success of checkpoint inhibitors has accelerated the clinical implementation of a vast
mosaic of single agents and combination immunotherapies. However, the lack of clinical …

Abstract Indoleamine 2, 3-dioxygenase 1 (IDO1) is a heme enzyme that catalyzes the
oxidation of L-tryptophan. Functionally, IDO1 has played a pivotal role in cancer immune …

Regulatory T (Treg) cells, an immunosuppressive subset of CD4+ T cells characterized by
the expression of the master transcription factor forkhead box protein P3 (FOXP3), are a …

Gliomas, the most common malignant primary brain tumours, remain universally lethal. Yet,
seminal discoveries in the past 5 years have clarified the anatomy, genetics and function of …

Background Treatment with immune checkpoint blockade (ICB) with agents such as anti-
programmed cell death protein 1 (PD-1), anti-programmed death-ligand 1 (PD-L1), and/or …

In the wake of the success of modern immunotherapy, oncolytic viruses (OVs) are currently
seen as a potential therapeutic option for patients with cancer who do not respond or fail to …

Lung cancer, the leading cause of cancer mortality, exhibits heterogeneity that enables
adaptability, limits therapeutic success, and remains incompletely understood. Single-cell …

Despite considerable efforts to identify cancer metabolic alterations that might unveil
druggable vulnerabilities, systematic characterizations of metabolism as it relates to …

Tumors responding to immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) have a higher level of immune
infiltrates and/or an Interferon (IFN) signature indicative of a T-cell-inflamed phenotype …

Notable advances have been achieved in the treatment of cancer since the advent of
immunotherapy, and immune checkpoint inhibitors have shown clinical benefit across a …