Superantigens are unconventional antigens which recognise immune receptors outside
their usual recognition sites eg complementary determining regions (CDRs), to elicit a …

The humanization of antibodies for therapeutics is a critical process that can determine the
success of antibody drug development. However, the science underpinning this process …

Immunoglobulin M (IgM) is the largest antibody isotype with unique features like extensive
glycosylation and oligomerization. Major hurdles in characterizing its properties are …

Therapeutic antibodies have shifted the paradigm of disease treatments from small
molecules to biologics, especially in cancer therapy. Despite the increasing number of …

Breast cancer brain metastases (BM) are associated with a dismal prognosis and very
limited treatment options. Standard chemotherapy is challenging in BM patients because the …

The therapeutic potential of immunoglobulin M (IgM) is of considerable interest in
immunotherapy due to its complement-activating and cell-agglutinating abilities …

IgG molecules are crucial for the human immune response against bacterial infections. IgGs
can trigger phagocytosis by innate immune cells, like neutrophils. To do so, IgGs should …

Abstract Mucin 1 (MUC1) has been regarded as an ideal target for cancer treatment, since it
is overexpressed in a variety of different cancers including the majority of breast cancer …

The binding of nickel by immune proteins can manifest as Type IV contact dermatitis (Ni-
specific T cells mediated) and less frequently as Type I hypersensitivity with both …

The reductionist approach is prevalent in biomedical science. However, increasing evidence
now shows that biological systems cannot be simply considered as the sum of its parts. With …