The premise of genetic analysis is that a causal link exists between phenotypic and allelic
variation. However, it has long been documented that mutant phenotypes are not a simple …

Sexual selection has the potential to decrease mean fitness in a population through an array
of costs to nonsexual fitness. These costs may be offset when sexual selection favors …

Reproduction through sex carries substantial costs, mainly because only half of sexual
adults produce offspring. It has been theorized that these costs could be countered if sex …

Sexual selection has manifold ecological and evolutionary consequences, making its net
effect on population fitness difficult to predict. A powerful empirical test is to experimentally …

Sexual dimorphism is a substantial contributor to the diversity observed in nature, extending
from elaborate traits to the expression level of individual genes. Sexual conflict and sexually …

Sexual antagonism, whereby mutations are favourable in one sex and disfavourable in the
other, is common in natural populations, yet the root causes of sexual antagonism are rarely …

ABSTRACT A central question in ecology and evolution is to understand why sexual
selection varies so much in strength across taxa; it has long been known that ecological …

Sexual conflict can arise when males evolve traits that improve their mating success but in
doing so harm females. By reducing female fitness, male harm can diminish offspring …

ABSTRACT A central paradigm in evolutionary biology is that the fundamental divergence in
the fitness interests of the sexes ('sexual conflict') can lead to both the evolution of sex …

Human activities by altering environmental conditions are influencing the mate choice of
animals. This is by impacts on:(i) the production and expression of traits evaluated by mate …