Technological innovation and rapid reduction in sequencing costs have enabled the
genomic profiling of hundreds of cancer-associated genes as a component of routine cancer …

The role of the ERK signalling pathway in cancer is thought to be most prominent in tumours
in which mutations in the receptor tyrosine kinases RAS, BRAF, CRAF, MEK1 or MEK2 drive …

T cell–mediated immunotherapies are promising cancer treatments. However, most patients
still fail to respond to these therapies. The molecular determinants of immune resistance are …

Approximately 50% of melanomas harbor an activating BRAF mutation. Combined BRAF
and MEK inhibitors such as dabrafenib and trametinib, vemurafenib and cobimetinib, and …

Most patients with BRAF V600-mutant metastatic melanoma develop resistance to selective
RAF kinase inhibitors. The spectrum of clinical genetic resistance mechanisms to RAF …

PTEN is the most important negative regulator of the PI3K signaling pathway. In addition to
its canonical, PI3K inhibition-dependent functions, PTEN can also function as a tumor …

Over the past decade, whole genome sequencing and other'omics' technologies have
defined pathogenic driver mutations to which tumor cells are addicted. Such addictions …

The identification of driver oncogenes has provided important targets for drugs that can
change the landscape of cancer therapies. One such example is the BRAF oncogene, which …

RAF kinase inhibitors have substantial therapeutic effects in patients with BRAF-mutant
melanoma. However, only rarely do tumors regress completely, and the therapeutic effects …

In June 2022, the FDA granted Accelerated Approval to the BRAF inhibitor dabrafenib in
combination with the MEK inhibitor trametinib for the treatment of adult and paediatric …