Tropical forests are acknowledged for providing important ecosystem services and are
renowned as “the lungs of the planet Earth” due to their role in the exchange of gasses …

Ferns and lycophytes are the second and third largest lineages of vascular plants, yet our
understanding of their interactions with phytophagous insects is very limited. In this study …

Landscape transformations in rapidly urbanizing Guangdong, Hong Kong, and Macao
(GHKM) regions of South China represent the most complex and dynamic processes …

Within ecological communities, species engage in myriad interaction types, yet empirical
examples of hybrid species interaction networks composed of multiple types of interactions …

Tropical forests are threatened due to forest clearing and fragmentation which lead to a
decrease in forest cover area and landscape connectivity, while also increasing edge …

The rapid and unprecedented urban growth in Khulna, Bangladesh is making it difficult to
implement measures to limit further expansion and define clear administrative boundaries …

Increasing conflict between nomadic pastoralists and settled farmers are occurring across
West Africa, due to issues of land availability and access. This study is the first detailed …

Invasive alien plant species have become dominant components of many landscapes,
where they are indicators of ecological disequilibria. They coexist and compete with native …

Linking mechanistic processes to the stability of ecological networks is a key frontier in
ecology. In trophic networks,“modules”—groups of species that interact more with each other …

Highlights•Ecological networks provide knowledge of species interactions in nature.•Existing
concepts and tools of networks analysis could benefit risk assessment in weed biocontrol …