This book presents a unique opportunity for constructing a consistent image of collaborative
manual annotation for Natural Language Processing (NLP). NLP has witnessed two major …

This article provides an extensive overview of the literature related to the phenomenon of
non-nominal-antecedent anaphora (also known as abstract anaphora or discourse deixis), a …

Abstract The Colorado Richly Annotated Full Text (CRAFT) corpus consists of full-text
journal articles. The primary motivation for the annotation project was the accumulating body …

One of the challenges brought on by the digital revolution of the recent decades is the
mechanism by which information carried by texts can be extracted in order to access its …

L'annotation manuelle de corpus est devenue un enjeu fondamental pour le Traitement
Automatique des Langues (TAL). En effet, les corpus annotés sont utilisés aussi bien pour …

As well-known, structuring knowledge and digital content has a tremendous potential to
enhance meaningful learning. A straightforward approach is representing key concepts of …

The effort required for a human annotator to detect sentiment is not uniform for all texts,
irrespective of his/her expertise. We aim to predict a score that quantifies this effort, using …

Shell nouns are abstract nouns, such as fact, issue, idea, and problem, which, among other
functions, facilitate efficiency by avoiding repetition of long stretches of text. An example is …

In this article we provide an overview of first-hand experiences and vantage points for best
practices from projects in seven European countries dedicated to learner corpus research …

The availability of data is the driving force behind most of the state-of-the-art techniques for
machine translation tasks. Understandably, this availability of data motivates researchers to …