Early Mars climate research has well-defined goals (MEPAG 2018). Achieving these goals
requires geologists and climate modelers to coordinate. Coordination is easier if results are …

As photosynthesis on Earth produces the primary signatures of life that can be detected
astronomically at the global scale, a strong focus of the search for extrasolar life will be …

Phyllosilicates, one of the five major structural types of silicates, have highly variable
structures and very complex chemistry. This manuscript reports the first comprehensive …

The chemical composition of rocks and soils on Mars analyzed during the Mars Exploration
Rover Spirit Mission was determined by X‐ray analyses with the Alpha Particle X‐Ray …

The ripple field known as “El Dorado” was a unique stop on Spirit's traverse where dust‐
raising, active mafic sand ripples and larger inactive coarse‐grained ripples interact …

Water played a major role in the formation and alteration of rocks and soils in the Columbia
Hills. The extent of alteration ranges from moderate to extensive. Five distinct rock …

The martian orbital and landed surface missions, OMEGA on Mar Express and the two Mars
Explorations Rovers, respectively, have yielded evidence pointing to the presence of …

Spirit landed on the floor of Gusev Crater and conducted initial operations on soil‐covered,
rock‐strewn cratered plains underlain by olivine‐bearing basalts. Plains surface rocks are …

Geochemical diversity of rocks and soils has been discovered by the Alpha Particle X‐Ray
Spectrometer (APXS) during Spirit's journey over Husband Hill and down into the Inner …

Experimental data for alteration of synthetic Martian basalts at pH= 0–1 indicate that
chemical fractionations at low pH are vastly different from those observed during terrestrial …