Biological systems can perform complex tasks with high compliance levels. This makes them
a great source of inspiration for soft robotics. Indeed, the union of these fields has brought …

As simulators of organisms in Nature, soft robots have been developed over the past few
decades. In particular, biohybrid robots constructed by integrating living cells with soft …

Bioengineering approaches that combine living cellular components with three-dimensional
scaffolds to generate motion can be used to develop a new generation of miniature robots …

The impact of tissue engineering has extended beyond a traditional focus in medicine to the
rapidly growing realm of biohybrid robotics. Leveraging living actuators as functional …

Although skeletal muscle repairs itself following small injuries, genetic diseases or severe
damages may hamper its ability to do so. Induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) can …

Bioinspired hybrid soft robots that combine living and synthetic components are an
emerging field in the development of advanced actuators and other robotic platforms (ie …

The integration of muscle cells with soft robotics in recent years has led to the development
of biohybrid machines capable of untethered locomotion. A major frontier that currently …

Tissue-on-chip systems represent promising platforms for monitoring and controlling tissue
functions in vitro for various purposes in biomedical research. The two-dimensional (2D) …

Advancing biologically driven soft robotics and actuators will involve employing different
scaffold geometries and cellular constructs to enable a controllable emergence for …

Engineered skeletal muscles are inferior to natural muscles in terms of contractile force,
hampering their potential use in practical applications. One major limitation is that the …