Cocoa beans are produced through on-farm processing where residual biomass is
discarded, including cocoa pod husks (CPH), cocoa bean shells and cocoa sweatings. CPH …

Lignin is a highly abundant biopolymer with a complex polyphenolic structure, making it a
potential source of aromatic precursors, polymers, and energy. However, its thermal stability …

The effect of various treatments on the production of reducing sugar and biobutanol from
cocoa pod husk (CPH) through depectination, delignification, enzymatic hydrolysis, and …

The present work shows the results of optimized alkaline pretreatment and enzymatic
hydrolysis processes for the production of bioethanol from cocoa pod husk (CPH). Alkaline …

The cacao pod husk (shell), serves as the tough outer layer of the cacao pod, and this by-
product of cacao processing is typically disposed of once the cacao beans have been …

Oil spills on the seawater happened along the last decade needs to be addressed to prevent
marine ecosystem destruction. The challenges encourage researchers to develop high …

The competitive reactions of lignocellulose hydrolysis and monosaccharide degradation in
the subcritical water (SCW) hydrolysis of coconut husk were investigated to optimize the …

Organic acid co-substrates increase butanol production; however, their toxicity to cells limits
their utilization during fermentation. In the ester form, the substrate is storable in the …

Coconut coir pith constituting cellulose, lignin, and hemicellulose is considered as a
replenishing and extensively available biomass for the manufacture of value-added …

Crude nyamplung Calophyllum inophyllum is a potential non-edible feedstock for biodiesel
production. Calophyllum Inophyllum oil (CCIO) is a non-edible oil that has a high content of …