Purpose The objective of this study was to investigate the effects of music therapy, hand
massage, and kaleidoscope usage on nausea and vomiting, pain, fear, and stress in 7-year …

Introduction The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of the biophilic virtual reality
(BVR) method on children's pain and anxiety undergoing circumcision. Materials and …

Background and aims Circumcision is a frequently performed procedure in day case
pediatric surgery. Dorsal penile nerve block has proven its effectiveness for the …

Background Circumcision can be performed under sedo-analgesia, general anesthesia, or
regional anesthesia. It may cause serious postoperative pain and patients often require …

Background Although circumcision for phimosis in children is a minor surgical procedure, it
is followed by pain and carries the risk of increased postoperative anxiety. This study …

Background: Caudal anaesthesia is recommended for most surgical procedures of the lower
part of the body, mainly below the umbilicus. It has been well established that a dorsal …

Materials and Methods: We conducted a prospective, randomized, single-blind controlled
trial. After written informed consent from parents, 100 patients belonging to American Society …

Purpose To evaluate the postoperative analgesic efficacy of penile block, caudal block and
intravenous paracetamol administration following circumcision. Materials and Methods In …

Background Hypospadias surgery is associated with acute postoperative pain needing long-
term analgesia. Regional anaesthesia is commonly used with general anaesthesia (GA). We …

Objective: To compare 3 different techniques of preventive analgesia before circumcision
operations in male children between 6-12 years of age. Our objective was to investigate the …