Thermal performance curves (TPC s), which quantify how an ectotherm's body temperature
(Tb) affects its performance or fitness, are often used in an attempt to predict organismal …

Plastic responses figure prominently in discussions on insect adaptation to climate change.
Here we review the different types of plastic responses and whether they contribute much to …

Our highly seasonal world restricts insect activity to brief portions of the year. This feature
necessitates a sophisticated interpretation of seasonal changes and enactment of …

Winter provides many challenges for insects, including direct injury to tissues and energy
drain due to low food availability. As a result, the geographic distribution of many species is …

Highlights•Climate is changing fastest at high latitudes and in winter.•Phenological shifts in
response to climate change are common.•Warmer winters may influence spring phenology …

Central ideas from thermal biology, including thermal performance curves and tolerances,
have been widely used to evaluate how changes in environmental means and variances …

Global warming is increasing mean temperatures and altering temperature variability at
multiple temporal scales. To better understand the consequences of changes in thermal …

Thermal performance curves enable physiological constraints to be incorporated in
predictions of biological responses to shifts in mean temperature. But do thermal …

The magnitude and ecological impact of climate change varies with latitude. Several recent
models have shown that tropical ectotherms face the greatest risk from warming because …

Aim Understanding and predicting the biological consequences of climate change requires
considering the thermal sensitivity of organisms relative to environmental temperatures. One …