T cell exhaustion is an alternative differentiation path of T cells, sometimes described as a
dysfunction. During the last decade, insights of T cell exhaustion acting as a bottle neck in …

In the setting of chronic antigen exposure in the tumor microenvironment (TME), cytotoxic
CD8+ T cells (CTLs) lose their immune surveillance capabilities and ability to clear tumor …

Bone acts as a self-healing organ, which undergoes continuous regeneration process that is
tightly regulated by the cooperation of osteoclasts with the capability of bone resorption and …

In the tumor microenvironment (TME), CD8+ T cells showed stage exhaustion due to the
continuous stimulation of tumor antigens. To evaluate the status of CD8+ T cells and reverse …

Basic-leucine zipper transcription factor ATF-like (BATF) and interferon regulatory factor 4
(IRF4) are crucial transcription factors for the generation of cytotoxic effector and memory …

In patients who progress from acute hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection to a chronic HBV (CHB)
infection, CD8+ T cells fail to eliminate the virus and become impaired. A functional cure of …

Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is one of the most common cancers worldwide and is
associated with high morbidity and mortality. One of the main challenges in the management …

As single‐cell RNA sequencing enables the detailed clustering of T‐cell subpopulations and
facilitates the analysis of T‐cell metabolic states and metabolite dynamics, it has gained …

Adoptive transfer of autologous tumor-infiltrating lymphocyte T cells (TILs) offers one of the
most promising approaches for cancer immunotherapy. However, high variability in patient …

Metabolic abnormalities are a hallmark of cancer cells and are essential to tumor
progression. Oncometabolites have pleiotropic effects on cancer biology and affect a …