Abscisic acid (ABA) is a stress hormone that accumulates under different abiotic and biotic
stresses. A typical effect of ABA on leaves is to reduce transpirational water loss by closing …

Photosynthesis is not only essential for plants, but it also sustains life on Earth.
Phytohormones play crucial roles in developmental processes, from organ initiation to …

Hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) is steadily gaining more attention in the field of molecular
biology research. It is a major REDOX (reduction–oxidation reaction) metabolite and at high …

Salicylic acid (SA) and proline exhibit protective effects against a wide range of stresses.
However, the combined impact of SA and proline on rice under drought stress is still …

The phenolic hormone salicylic acid (SA) induces stomatal closure. It has been suggested
that SA signaling is integrated with abscisic acid (ABA) signaling in guard cells, but the …

The regulation of stomatal aperture opening and closure represents an evolutionary battle
between plants and pathogens, characterized by adaptive strategies that influence both …

Drought stress is one of major environmental stresses affecting plant growth and yield.
Although Pinus taeda trees are planted in rainy southern China, local drought sometime …

Plants are constantly exposed to environmental stresses. Local stimuli sensed by one part of
a plant are translated into long-distance signals that can influence the activities in distant …

INDUCER OF CBF EXPRESSION 1 (ICE1) encodes a MYC-like basic helix-loop-helix
(bHLH) transcription factor playing a critical role in plant responses to chilling and freezing …

When plants are exposed to drastic environmental changes such as drought, salt or
bacterial invasion, rapid stomatal movement confers tolerance to these stresses. This …