The COVID-19 pandemic has been met with an unprecedented response from the scientific
community, leading to the development, investigation, and authorization of vaccines and …

Coronaviruses (CoVs) are enveloped positive-sense single-stranded RNA viruses with a
genome that is 27–31 kbases in length. Critical genes include the spike (S), envelope (E) …

Mutation research is crucial for detecting and treating SARS-CoV-2 and developing
vaccines. Using over 5,300,000 sequences from SARS-CoV-2 genomes and custom Python …

The continued emergence of highly pathogenic viruses, which either thwart immune-and
small molecule-based therapies or lack interventions entirely, mandates alternative …

The ORF9b protein, derived from the nucleocapsid's open-reading frame in both SARS-CoV
and SARS-CoV-2, serves as an accessory protein crucial for viral immune evasion by …

Prolonged infection with severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) in
immunocompromised patients provides an opportunity for viral evolution, potentially leading …

The continuous emergence of novel SARS-CoV-2 variants and subvariants serves as
compelling evidence that COVID-19 is an ongoing concern. The swift, well-coordinated …

Background De novo amino acid substitutions (DNS) frequently emerge among
immunocompromised patients with chronic SARS-CoV-2 infection. While previous studies …

Since its emergence, SARS-CoV-2 Omicron clade has shown a marked degree of variability
and different clinical presentation compared with previous clades. Here we demonstrate that …

Summary Objectives The SARS-CoV-2 pandemic and large-scale genomic surveillance
provided an exceptional opportunity to analyze mutations that appeared over three years in …