The thymus is an evolutionarily conserved organ that supports the development of T cells.
Not only does the thymic environment support the rearrangement and expression of diverse …

Throughout life, T cells coordinate multiple aspects of adaptive immunity, including
responses to pathogens, allergens, and tumors. In mouse models, the role of T cells is …

INTRODUCTION The thymus is the critical organ for T cell development and T cell receptor
(TCR) repertoire formation, which shapes the landscape of adaptive immunity. T cell …

Few cell signals match the impact of the transforming growth factor-β (TGFβ) family in
metazoan biology. TGFβ cytokines regulate cell fate decisions during development, tissue …

Immune system aging is characterized by the paradox of immunosenescence (insufficiency)
and inflammaging (over-reaction), which incorporate two sides of the same coin, resulting in …

Transforming growth factor β (TGF-β) is a pleiotropic cytokine involved in both suppressive
and inflammatory immune responses. After 30 years of intense study, we have only begun to …

Following the discovery of T helper 17 (TH17) cells, the past decade has witnessed a major
revision of the TH subset paradigm and substantial progress has been made in deciphering …

Genetic association studies have identified 21 loci associated with atopic dermatitis risk
predominantly in populations of European ancestry. To identify further susceptibility loci for …

Regulatory T cells (TReg cells), a specialized T cell lineage, have a pivotal function in the
control of self tolerance and inflammatory responses. Recent studies have revealed a …

Ion channels and transporters mediate the transport of charged ions across hydrophobic
lipid membranes. In immune cells, divalent cations such as calcium, magnesium, and zinc …