One leading hypothesis suggests that memories are stored in ensembles of neurons (or
'engram cells') and that successful recall involves reactivation of these ensembles. A logical …

Highlights•Recurrent connectivity is anatomically and functionally prevalent in fly memory
circuits.•Sustained reverberant activity is necessary for memory consolidation.•Feedforward …

Making inferences about the computations performed by neuronal circuits from synapse-
level connectivity maps is an emerging opportunity in neuroscience. The mushroom body …

The Drosophila brain contains a relatively simple circuit for forming Pavlovian associations,
yet it achieves many operations common across memory systems. Recent advances have …

Accurately predicting an outcome requires that animals learn supporting and conflicting
evidence from sequential experience. In mammals and invertebrates, learned fear …

Animals rely on the relative timing of events in their environment to form and update
predictive associations, but the molecular and circuit mechanisms for this temporal …

Dopaminergic neurons (DANs) drive learning across the animal kingdom, but the upstream
circuits that regulate their activity and thereby learning remain poorly understood. We …

Overcoming aversive emotional memories requires neural systems that detect when fear
responses are no longer appropriate so that they can be extinguished. The midbrain ventral …

The fruit fly can evaluate its energy state and decide whether to pursue food-related cues.
Here, we reveal that the mushroom body (MB) integrates hunger and satiety signals to …

Resource-seeking behaviours are ordinarily constrained by physiological needs and threats
of danger, and the loss of these controls is associated with pathological reward seeking …