Tumours can escape T‐cell responses by losing major histocompatibility complex
(MHC)/human leucocyte antigen (HLA) class I molecules. In the early stages of cancer …

The importance of the immune system in conferring protection against pathogens like
viruses, bacteria, and parasitic worms is well established. In contrast, there is a long-lasting …

Oncogenic transformation in human and experimental animals is not necessarily followed by
the appearance of a tumor mass. The immune system of the host can recognize tumor …

T cell-mediated immune therapies have emerged as a promising treatment modality in
different malignancies including colorectal cancer (CRC). However, only a fraction of …

Natural killer (NK) cells are innate lymphoid cells that hold tremendous potential for effective
immunotherapy for a broad range of cancers. Due to the mode of NK cell killing, requiring …

The ability of cancer cells to escape from the natural or immunotherapy‐induced antitumor
immune response is often associated with alterations in the tumor cell surface expression of …

Developing therapeutic agents with potent antitumor activity that spare normal tissues
remains a significant challenge. Clonal loss of heterozygosity (LOH) is a widespread and …

Most tumor cells derive from MHC-I-positive normal counterparts and remain positive at
early stages of tumor development. T lymphocytes can infiltrate tumor tissue, recognize and …

Purpose: CD8+ T lymphocytes can kill autologous melanoma cells, but their activity is
impaired when poorly immunogenic tumor phenotypes evolve in the course of disease …

Publisher Summary The chapter presents that the primary and metastatic tumor cell growth
results from the development of sophisticated molecular and biological mechanisms that …