This review focuses on the intricate relationship between plant polyamines and the genetic
circuits and signaling pathways that regulate various developmental programs and the …

Climate change-induced abiotic stress results in crop yield and production losses. These
stresses result in changes at the physiological and molecular level that affect the …

Reactive oxygen species (ROS) originate as a natural byproduct in standard metabolism of
oxygen activities. The principal sites of ROS generation in the cell are apoplast …

Abiotic stresses, such as low or high temperature, deficient or excessive water, high salinity,
heavy metals, and ultraviolet radiation, are hostile to plant growth and development, leading …

Interactions between bacteria and phytoplankton in aqueous ecosystems are both complex
and dynamic, with associations that range from mutualism to parasitism. This review focuses …

Biogenic amines—polyamines (PAs), particularly putrescine, spermidine and spermine are
ubiquitous in all living cells. Their indispensable roles in many biochemical and …

Hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) is steadily gaining more attention in the field of molecular
biology research. It is a major REDOX (reduction–oxidation reaction) metabolite and at high …

In recent decades, the demand for vegetables has increased significantly due to the
blooming global population. Climate change has affected vegetable production by …

Nitric oxide (NO) is a free radical molecule involved in an array of functions under
physiological and adverse environmental conditions. As other free radical molecules, NO …

Global climate change and associated adverse abiotic and biotic stress conditions affect
plant growth and development, and agricultural sustainability in general. Abiotic and biotic …