Multidimensional analyses have demonstrated the presence of a unique tumor
microenvironment (TME) in liver cancer. Tumor‐associated macrophages (TAMs) are …

Adoptive cell therapy with genetically modified T cells has generated exciting outcomes in
hematologic malignancies, but its application to solid tumors has proven challenging. This …

Initially, children were thought to be spared from disease caused by severe acute respiratory
syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). However, a month into the epidemic, a novel …

Macrophages play an important role in tissue homeostasis, tissue remodeling, immune
response, and progression of cancer. Consequently, macrophages exhibit significant …

Epithelial–mesenchymal transition (EMT) has been shown to play a critical role in tumor
development from initiation to metastasis. EMT could be regarded as a continuum, with …

Infiltration of macrophages in solid tumours is associated with poor prognosis and correlates
with chemotherapy resistance in most cancers. In mouse models of cancer, macrophages …

The tumor-permissive and immunosuppressive characteristics of tumor-associated
macrophages (TAM) have fueled interest in therapeutically targeting these cells. In this …

Colony-stimulating factor 1 receptor (CSF1R, also known as c-FMS) is a receptor tyrosine
kinase. Macrophage colony-stimulating factor (M-CSF) and IL-34 are ligands of CSF1R …

Interleukin-1β (IL-1β) is abundant in the tumor microenvironment, where this cytokine can
promote tumor growth, but also antitumor activities. We studied IL-1β during early tumor …

The granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF) was initially classified as a
hematopoietic growth factor. However, unlike its close relatives macrophage CSF (M-CSF) …