Study Design. A convenience literature-based review of the different techniques of posterior
lumbar fusion. Objective. To describe the history, specific techniques, and outcomes of …

Background: The relationship between radiologic instability and its symptoms is
controversial. Previous authors consider flexion–extension radiographs to be of little value in …

Objectives The surgical approach that should be used for degenerative spondylolisthesis
(DS) is a controversial issue. Decompression and posterolateral fusion (PLF) with or without …

Study Design. This is a retrospective study of 42 patients having lumbar degenerative
disease or spondylolytic spondylolisthesis treated by posterior lumbar interbody fusion …

Study Design. Cross-sectional study of 880 outpatients with low back and/or leg pain
regarding age distribution of three radiologic factors. Objectives. To investigate the …

Study Design. Subgroup analyses according to treatment received. Objective. To evaluate
whether baseline radiographic findings predicted outcomes in patients with degenerative …

Study Design. A prospective, case-control design. Objectives. To develop a kinematic model
that characterizes frequently observed movement patterns in patients with low back pain …

Background and Purpose A clinical prediction rule (CPR) has been reported to identify
patients with low back pain who are likely to benefit from stabilization exercises. The aim of …

Objective To find the critical order of 3 radiographic factors observed in standing flexion-
extension films and to discover their combined effect on lumbar symptoms. Summary of …

Previous spinal fusion outcomes assessment studies have been complicated by
inconsistencies in evaluative criteria and consequent variations in results. As a result, a …