This review focuses on nonlytic outer membrane vesicles (OMVs), a subtype of bacterial
extracellular vesicles (BEVs) produced by Gram-negative organisms focusing on the …

Interaction of microbes with their environment depends on features of the dynamic microbial
surface throughout cell growth and division. Surface modifications, whether used to acquire …

Gram-negative bacteria ubiquitously produce and release nano-size, non-replicative outer
membrane vesicles (OMVs). In the gastrointestinal (GI-) tract, OMVs generated by members …

Salmonella enterica infections result in diverse clinical manifestations. Typhoid fever,
caused by S. enterica serovar Typhi (S. Typhi) and S. Paratyphi A, is a bacteremic illness but …

Outer membrane vesicles (OMVs) are constitutively produced by all Gram-negative bacteria.
OMVs form when buds from the outer membrane (OM) of cells encapsulate periplasmic …

Extracellular vesicle (EV)-mediated communication between proximal and distant cells is a
highly conserved characteristic in all of the life domains, including bacteria. These vesicles …

Human intestinal microbiota comprise of a dynamic population of bacterial species and
other microorganisms with the capacity to interact with the rest of the organism and strongly …

Bacterial virulence relies on a delicate balance of signals interchanged between the
invading microbe and the host. This communication has been extensively perceived as a …

Gut microbiota plays a critical role in maintaining human intestinal homeostasis and host
health. Bacterial extracellular vesicles are key players in bacteria–host communication, as …

Bacterial membrane vesicles (BMVs) are cupped-shaped structures formed by bacteria in
response to environmental stress, genetic alteration, antibiotic exposure, and others. Due to …