Fossil pollen records are well-established indicators of past vegetation changes. The
prevalence of pollen across environmental settings including lakes, wetlands, and marine …

Large herbivores and carnivores (the megafauna) have been in a state of decline and
extinction since the Late Pleistocene, both on land and more recently in the oceans. Much …

Until recently in Earth history, very large herbivores (mammoths, ground sloths, diprotodons,
and many others) occurred in most of the World's terrestrial ecosystems, but the majority …

Climate-driven vegetation mortality is occurring globally and is predicted to increase in the
near future. The expected climate feedbacks of regional-scale mortality events have …

Model–data comparisons of plant physiological processes provide an understanding of
mechanisms underlying vegetation responses to climate. We simulated the physiology of a …

Trees do not form a natural group but share attributes such as great size, longevity, and high
reproductive output that affect their mode and tempo of evolution. In particular, trees are …

The recent worldwide increase of drought-induced tree mortality exacerbated by climate
change (see review by Allen et al, 2009 and references therein) has triggered strong interest …

Species distribution modeling (SDM: statistical and/or mechanistic approaches to the
assessment of range determinants and prediction of species occurrence) offers new …

Summary 1 The Pleistocene is an important period for assessing the impact of climate
change on biodiversity. During the Last Glacial Maximum (LGM; 21 000 years ago), large …

Mixed conifer–hardwood forests can be more productive than pure forests and they are
increasingly considered as ecosystems that could provide adaptation strategies in the face …